Medical Problems

Posts Tagged ‘Causes’

High blood pressure is a huge problem around the world. Many people are given a diagnosis of high blood pressure and have no thought how they received the condition.

For starters, it’s excellent to know that there are two different types of high blood pressure: secondary high blood pressure, and primary high blood pressure. Each type is caused by a different thing.

Secondary high blood pressure can be caused by a number of things. For starters, it can happen in chronic kidney disease. Any sort of disease of the adrenal gland will also cause high blood pressure, as will any tumor. These cause high blood pressure because your body is trying to react and fix the problem, but is unable to. If you were born with a narrowing in the aorta of your heart, you can have high blood pressure. One of the side-effects of using birth control pills is that you may wind up with high blood pressure. Pregnancy can also cause high blood pressure, which can bring on a condition called pre-eclampsia.

If you have primary high blood pressure, there is a excellent chance that your doctor will have no thought why you have it. In over 90% of people with primary high blood pressure, doctors do not know what caused the condition. There are some risk factors, but, that can point to a higher risk of having high blood pressure. Men tend to get high blood pressure more than women do, and those who are overweight also tend to suffer with high blood pressure. As you grow older, your arteries harden and you have a much higher chance of having high blood pressure, and if you have a family history of high blood pressure, you are much more likely to have the condition.

Source: Causes of High Blood Pressure

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There are three stages of low back pain:

Acute: if it lasts less than six weeks
Sub-acute: if it lasts from six to twelve weeks
Chronic: if it persists beyond twelve weeks.

 A large number of causes for our back pain are rooted in its lower area. The lower back is an axle over which most muscle movements take place.

Symptoms

Low back pain, as the name suggests, occurs not only in the lower back, but it may also occur at the bottom of the ribs and at the top of the legs. It travels towards the buttocks and down to the legs reaching sometime to the feet. It generally occurs without any warning.

It becomes worse when a person bends or even sits in an simple chair. You cannot change sides even in the bed.  You feel spasms of pain in your back muscles even if you sneeze or cough.

Causes

A major cause of the low back pain is the strain upon the muscles or other soft structures such as tendons and ligaments connected to the back bones. Sometimes, a disc in our lumber spine, which acts as a cushion between the bones, gets strained and bulges out. It presses against the   nerve located close to it causing what we call low back pain.

Prevention

Exercises

The key to preventing the occurrence of low back pain is to stay fit and active by taking low back specific exercises regularly.

Right Posture

1.Maintain right posture in whatever position you are, whether you are sitting, standing or working.
2.Be careful while lifting heavy objects. It is better to call someone to help you rather than lift it alone.
3.Hold your load close to your body.
4.Try to bend at your knees rather than at your back. Carry your load such as shopping on both your sides. It is better to use shopping trolley.

Treatment

You can treat your back pain at your level if it is at the initial stage. Take rest after workouts. You may also take simple pain killers, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, if needed.

But if your low back pain has become chronic, you must see your doctor. He may conduct a CT or MRI scan to diagnose the real cause of the problem.

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Many of us suffer from low back pain. It is incredible that most of these problems are preventable. Generally, the majority of low back pain is coming from incorrect sitting, incorrect posture and improper lifting. For whatever reason, we become bone idle and take shortcuts. This puts extra burden on the lower back which can lead to discomfort and pain.

Back pain is one of the main symptoms of preterm labor and is the second most common reason for a visit to the physician. By far the most common causes of back pain are “mechanical” caused by disc degeneration, muscle or ligament strain. But can sometimes be caused by a problem with the kidneys.

One of the causes of low back pain is when the joints fail to function properly. Between each of the cervical discs, there is soft tissue. This holds the discs together. There are certain conditions which may impact the joint from functioning properly. This can lead to stiffness in muscle pain.

Most people have the incorrect conception as they reckon that softer mattress is more comfortable and therefore better for your back. Yet, the fact is that it is not excellent for your back. When you flip your body at night and turn along the bed, the soft mattress does not provide excellent support for your back muscles. The muscles will instead become tense and they are strained. This is the cause of the back pain and therefore, the soft mattress is not excellent for your back.

In the first part of this article, X-ray imaging, Computerized Tomography (CT) and Discography were identified as some diagnostic methods used in identifying the cause of low back pain in the body. In this second part, you are going to know of more methods or procedures.

Another cause for low back pain is a ligament tear or injury to the back muscles. Here it not the spine which is responsible for the pain but the muscles. You will experience muscle injury if you fail to do your daily activities in a proper manner. Like when you are lifting a heavy object which can cause a tremendous strain on your back muscles if not don’t with care.

Bone lesions, nerve or muscle irritation is the reflection of low back pain. Although most of the people reckon that pain in low back is the result of some trauma but it is not always the case. Even viral infections result in pain in low back part of the body. Other reasons for low back pain may be bone diseases or osteoporosis, arthritis, disc diseases, spine abnormalities etc.

SYSTEMIC DISEASE – This disease is the cause for up to 10% of back pain and largely among the elderly. Causes could be cancer-related or related to reduced bone mass or simply the aging process. Increasing or decreasing activities as well as switching positions all may have no affect on pain relief. Alternative therapies may be in need.

All of these tie in together and can be very complex. In order to have fantastic results and be pain free now and in the future all of these must be addressed. All too often patients will come to me after a health provider has attempted to focus one of the three and the patient gets mediocre results if at all.

Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy. An inherited form of vascular dementia that strikes relatively young adults of both sexes and is characterized by multiple strokes, dementia, migraine-like headaches, and psychiatric disturbances. CADASIL is due to mutation of a gene called NOTCH3 located on chromosome 19. Also called hereditary multi-infarct dementia. The phenotypic presentation is variable but remarkable for a high frequency of migraine with aura. Magnetic resonance images show a microangiopathic pattern of lesions. Prominent involvement of the temporopolar white matter and involvement of the temporopolar arcuate fibers are conspicuous findings seen in many patients.

Individuals with CADASIL can suffer from anxiety or depression. Depression is very frequent after any stroke and usually improves with time and treatment if necessary. But, occasionally, depression may occur before any other symptoms of CADASIL. Rarely, seizures (epilepsy) occurs as part of CADASIL. Over time, as the disease progresses, memory problems may occur and if these become severe, they are likely to occur in the 50’s or 60’s. An unusual feature is the onset of confusion and reduced consciousness over a period of hours or days, sometimes with fever and seizures; this often follows a migraine attack. It recovers completely over one to two weeks.

Symptoms

A person with CADASIL generally does not show symptoms until mid-life (40s-50s), though some cases have been identified where symptoms appear in the 20s. Though symptoms and course of disease can vary dramatically, the initial symptoms are generally migraine and MRI abnormalities. Over the next decades as the disease advances, strokes and dementia are common symptoms. Death generally occurs 10-20 years within the onset of symptoms.

Causes

CADASIL is caused by mutations in a gene called Notch3, which is a protein that is involved in determining cell fate; for example, it might determine that a particular cell will be the type of cell that is present in the wall of a blood vessel, or that it will be a liver cell. Mutation in Notch3 causes the Notch3 protein to accumulate abnormally in brain vessels and peripheral tissue arteries. This also leads to diffuse loss of myelin throughout the brain, as well as deep infarcts in the white matter.

CADASIL is an autosomal dominant disease, which means that a single mutated copy of the Notch3 gene overrides the one “excellent” copy, producing disease

This means that if a parent is affected, any children of that parent have a 50% chance of having the disorder as well. If the child receives the mutated gene, the child has a 100% chance of getting CADASIL.

Treatments

No specific treatment is available. But, anti-platelet agents such as aspirin, Aggrenox, or Plavix might slow down the disease and help prevent strokes. Given the propensity for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, minimizing vascular risk factors and implementing therapy for primary or secondary prevention of stroke and myocardial infarction seems prudent. Stopping oral contraceptive pills is justified particularly in cases with migraine with aura. Aggressive treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension is reasonable although the utility of statins and antihypertensive agents in the absence cardiovascular risk factors is unknown.

We still do not know whether CADASIL patients benefit from treatment with “blood thinning” medications that are often used to help prevent stroke. Your neurologist may recommend that you take a low-dose aspirin or a similar medication daily to try to prevent a stroke. Warfarin (coumadin) and TPA (to dissolve blood clots) should be avoided because they increase the risk of bleeding in the brain. Triptans to treat migraine should also be avoided because they increase the risk of stroke.

I’m in excellent shape and in my mid 30’s but over the past year I have, for no discernible reason, been hit (all of a sudden and on 2 different occasions) with debilitating lower back pain that just cripples me for days and then goes away.

A cataract is a clouding of the lens in your eye. It affects your vision. Cataracts are very common in older people. By age 80, more than half of all people in the United States either have a cataract or have had cataract surgery

Causes of Cataracts

Cataracts develop from a variety of reasons, including long-term ultraviolet exposure, exposure to radiation, secondary effects of diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and advanced age; they are usually a result of denaturation of lens proteins. Genetic factors are often a cause of congenital cataracts and positive family history may also play a role in predisposing someone to cataracts at an earlier age, a phenomenon of “anticipation” in pre-senile cataracts. Cataracts may also be produced by eye injury or physical trauma.

Other factors that may lead to development of cataracts at an earlier age include excessive ultraviolet-light exposure, diabetes, smoking, or the use of certain medications, such as oral, topical, or inhaled steroids. Other medications that are more weakly associated with cataracts include the long-term use of statins and phenothiazines.

Symptoms of Cataracts

A cataract usually develops slowly and causes no pain. At first, the cloudiness may affect only a small part of the lens (a clear, elliptical structure near the front of each eye) and you may be unaware of any vision loss. Over time, but, as the cataract grows larger, it clouds more of your lens and distorts the light passing through the lens. Eventually, this impairs your vision because of overall blur or image distortion.

Cataracts are typically detected through a medical eye examination. The usual test for visual acuity (the letter eye chart) may not reflect the right nature of visual loss. Other tests that measure glare sensitivity, contrast sensitivity, night vision, color vision, and side or central vision help to nail down the diagnosis.

Long arms, legs, fingers, and toes. A person’s arm span (the distance from the fingertips of one hand to the fingertips of the other with the arms stretched out from the sides) may be greater than his or her height.

Treatment of Cataracts

Cataract operations

In the past, eye specialists often waited until the cataract became “ripe” and your vision was very poor before suggesting you had the cataract removed.

Before the operation

Before the operation, you and your eye will be carefully checked to choose the details of the operation. This may require a separate visit before your surgery. This is called a pre-operative assessment.

An implanted IOL is usually the best replacement. Because the implant is placed in or near the original position of the removed natural lens, vision is restored with excellent peripheral vision and depth perception yet with minimal magnification and distortion.

Surgery

Surgical removal of your cataract is the only way to restore or maintain your vision. This involves replacing your cloudy lens with an artificial one. The most common technique is called phacoemulsification. This is typically performed under local anaesthetic. This completely blocks the feeling from the eye area and you will stay awake during the operation. You will normally be allowed home the same day. For more information, see Related topics.

What causes low back pain?

Low back pain is often caused by overuse, strain, or injury. For instance, people often hurt their backs playing sports or working in the yard, being jolted in a car accident, or lifting something too heavy.

Aging plays a part too. Your bones and muscles tend to lose strength as you age, which increases your risk of injury. The spongy discs between the bones of the spine (vertebrae) may suffer from wear and tear and no longer provide enough cushion between the bones. A disc that bulges or breaks open (herniated disc) can press on nerves, causing back pain.

In some people, low back pain is the result of arthritis, broken vertebrae (compression breaks) caused by bone loss (osteoporosis), illness, or a spine problem you were born with.

Often doctors don’t really know what causes low back pain. But it is more likely to become long-lasting (chronic) if you are under stress or depressed.

What is low back pain?

Low back pain can affect the back anywhere below the ribs and above the legs. The lower back is the connection between the upper and lower body, and it bears most of the body’s weight. Because of these roles, it is easily injured when you lift, reach, or twist.

Nearly everyone has low back pain at one time or another. The excellent news is that most low back pain will go away in a few weeks with some basic self-care. But if your pain is severe or lasts more than a couple of weeks, see your doctor.

What are the symptoms?

Depending on the cause, low back pain can cause a range of symptoms. It may:

Be dull, burning, or sharp. Come on gradually or suddenly. Be felt at a single point or over a broad area. Occur with muscle spasms or stiffness. Cause leg symptoms, such as pain, numbness, or tingling, often extending below the knee. These symptoms can occur on their own or along with low back pain. Leg symptoms are often caused by lower spine problems that place pressure on a nerve that leads to the leg.

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